Understanding the ABCs of diabetes can help you and your family manage your blood sugar levels and lower your risk of complications such as a heart attack or stroke.

A stands for A1C test

A1C is a blood test that measures your average blood sugar level over the past three months and is different from the blood sugar checks people with diabetes do each day. People with diabetes should have their A1C checked at least twice per year, but sometimes more often than that. Most people with diabetes can reduce the risk of complications by keeping A1C levels below 7 percent. For older adults, however, this target is sometimes higher. It’s important to ask your doctor what your target should be.

B stands for blood pressure

People with diabetes are more likely to develop high blood pressure, which can lead to serious health conditions, including a heart attack, stroke, kidney and eye problems. Hence, keeping blood pressure in check is just as important as keeping blood sugar under control. The goal for most people with diabetes is to keep your blood pressure below 140/90, or lower in some cases.

C stands for cholesterol

Diabetes also increases your chance of having high cholesterol linked to heart disease, stroke, and other serious health issues. If you’re living with diabetes, talk to your doctor and ask what your cholesterol numbers should be. Generally, it’s a good idea to have a cholesterol blood test to measure triglycerides, LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, and HDL (“good”) cholesterol at least once a year. Medications to help lower cholesterol is recommended for most people with diabetes. So, speak with your doctor about whether you need to be on a cholesterol medication.

Why do the ABCs Matter?

The ABCs of diabetes matter because heart disease and diabetes go hand in hand so both need to be monitored closely. Following the ABCs can help lower your chance of developing heart disease or suffering a heart attack or stroke brought on from complications of your diabetes.